Choosing a building cleaning company: schedule of services, evidence and contract

What quotations can actually be compared on — and why a square-metre price says nothing about the service.

In short

Choosing a building cleaning company comes down to four points: a written schedule of services with frequency and quality standard, verifiable evidence of wage payment and insurance, an arrangement for cover and monitoring, and a price whose components you understand. Square-metre prices on their own say nothing about the service you actually receive.

What you are actually buying

Cleaning services are personnel services. Most of the price is wages, and most disputes arise not over quality but over scope. Anyone who separates the following terms can compare quotations; anyone who mixes them compares numbers.

  • Routine cleaning — recurring cleaning to a defined frequency and schedule of services: office and circulation areas, sanitary areas, kitchenettes, ancillary rooms. This is usually the service at stake when selecting a provider.
  • Periodic deep cleaning — deep cleaning at intervals, often with machine use, frequently before a change of tenant or as an annual refresh. It is a separate order and is not included in the square-metre price of routine cleaning.
  • Schedule of services — the written description of what is to be delivered at what frequency and with what result, room group by room group. Without a schedule of services there is no objective basis for acceptance, rectification or termination.
  • Quality control — the agreed way in which the service is verified: joint walkthroughs, defect log, deadlines for rectification, contacts on both sides. Without an agreed procedure quality cannot be measured, and without measurement it cannot be enforced.
  • Cover arrangement — the written answer to the question of who works when the regular member of staff is ill or on holiday, and whether the stand-in has been inducted at the property.
  • Specialist contractor — not a protected title and not a quality level. In the building cleaning trade it denotes a business of that trade; entry in the crafts register is a verifiable statement, but not proof of quality.

Why the choice matters commercially

The risks of awarding a cleaning contract rarely lie where they are assumed to be. The problem is not the cleaning performance itself, but the staffing and contractual structure behind it.

  • Back-payment and liability risks: in building cleaning a generally binding sectoral minimum wage applies. If the service provider does not pay it, the client can face liability in certain constellations. Have evidence from the collection body and from the employers' liability insurance association presented to you, and check the details with your tax or legal adviser.
  • Contract change with staff: when the provider changes, staff may transfer under the rules on transfer of undertakings. That is not an argument against changing, but a reason to discuss the staffing and contractual arrangements of both providers beforehand.
  • Absence and cover: a provider without a cover arrangement delivers no service when someone is ill. The result is complaints from your employees and tenants — and discussions you end up holding yourself.
  • Safety and liability at the property: anyone with access to rooms, keys and technical areas must be reliable and must hold suitable public liability insurance. Ask about sums insured and about an arrangement for lost keys. This information belongs in your contract, not in a promotional brochure.
  • Friction costs: poor cleaning leads to your own staff doing the work, pressure to rectify and frequent escalations. That is the most expensive item, because it ties up your time.

The legal position

When a cleaning contract is awarded, contract law, occupational safety law and sector-specific evidence duties meet. The following separation shows what you can check and what you should have checked.

Important for your expectations: no regulation requires you to follow a particular procedure when selecting a provider. What you can require follows from what you agree — and from the evidence duties that can fall on the client in this sector.

  • Legally binding: cleaning services are above all a matter of contract law — a contract for work or for services with the rules on acceptance and defects. Added to this are requirements that can fall on the client: the generally binding sectoral minimum wage for building cleaning, the employee compensation act with evidence duties for clients in certain sectors, the Minimum Wage Act for the general minimum wage, and the possibility of requesting information from the German pension insurance about a subcontractor's social security contributions. Amounts and details are to be checked against the current versions before a contract is concluded.
  • Occupational accident prevention law: DGUV Vorschrift 1 is binding on member businesses of the employers' liability insurance associations. The service provider must comply with it for its own employees, and you as client for work by your own people in the same property. Anyone who engages third-party companies must coordinate safety matters; the details belong in the contract documents.
  • A standard that only takes effect through agreement: DIN 77400 on cleaning services in building cleaning describes service areas and assessment bases. As a standard it is binding only if it is agreed. If you want to use it, write it into your schedule of services. Its full text is subject to a fee and was not available to us.
  • Your own duty as client: the Arbeitsstättenverordnung (German Workplace Ordinance) obliges you to keep your workplaces in a safe and hygienic condition. That duty remains with you, regardless of who does the cleaning.

The selection process in five steps

The most common mistake is the order of events: obtaining quotations first and only then thinking about what should actually be delivered. The other way round produces a comparable result.

  • Draw up the schedule of services — before any enquiry. Room groups, frequency per room group, areas expressly included and expressly excluded, quality standard, reporting route for defects. Without this document every quotation is an interpretation.
  • Give the same schedule of services to every provider. Only then are the figures comparable. If a provider deviates, the deviation is the subject of the conversation — not the price.
  • A walkthrough with every provider, ideally together. Anyone who has not seen the property is pricing assumptions; in the second contract year those become additional charges.
  • Check evidence: public liability insurance with sums insured, evidence of wage payment, information on subcontractors, cover arrangement, contacts. This list belongs in the request for quotation so that everyone supplies the same.
  • Conclude a contract with clear terms: term, notice period, trial period, cover rule, deadlines for rectification, access and key arrangements, handling of subcontractors.

Frequency and intervals

Frequency determines the effort more than floor area does. It cannot be derived from a table, but from how the property is used.

Anyone who sets the frequency too tightly gets complaints; anyone who sets it too generously pays for a service nobody needs. The robust route is a starting frequency based on the walkthrough and a joint review after a few months.

  • Intensity of use: number of people per area, public traffic, operating hours.
  • Sanitary areas and kitchenettes usually need a higher frequency than office areas.
  • Circulation areas, stairwells and entrance areas are the most visible surfaces — a missed floor is noticed immediately here.
  • Internal and external glazing follows its own rhythm, depending on location and external impact.
  • Special areas such as storage, plant rooms and ancillary rooms are often forgotten and then appear as an additional charge.

Checklist for the request for quotation

These points can be answered without specialist knowledge and included in the enquiry. The more complete the enquiry, the more comparable the result.

  • Is a schedule of services with room groups and frequency available?
  • Is it stated which areas are expressly not included?
  • Is the quality standard described against which acceptance takes place?
  • Is a walkthrough and defect log with deadlines agreed?
  • Are contacts named on both sides?
  • Is a cover arrangement promised in writing, including induction?
  • Is evidence of public liability insurance and wage payment presented?
  • Is the use of subcontractors regulated and subject to consent?
  • Are access, key and locking arrangements documented, including return of keys?
  • Are term, notice period and a trial period recorded?

What determines the price

A price results from the quantity of service, frequency, accessibility and the contractual framework — not from floor area alone. That is why a square-metre price without reference to the schedule of services is not a comparable measure.

If one quotation is markedly below the others, the question is not whether it is too cheap, but what is missing from it.

  • Quantity of service: areas per room group, frequency, number of operations — this item explains most of the differences in price.
  • Accessibility and effort: floors, lifts, doors, sanitary areas, external glazing, heights.
  • Aggravating factors: use during cleaning, lock-out periods, safety requirements, access restrictions.
  • Contractual framework: term, notice period, cover arrangement, evidence duties. More reliability costs more and is worth its price.
  • Consumables: who provides cleaning agents, paper, soap and bin liners? This item decides a considerable part of the running cost and is frequently overlooked.
  • Additional services: periodic deep cleaning, glazing, external areas. They belong in the contract as separate line items so that they do not have to be renegotiated every time.

Terms that are often confused

These terms decide whether two quotations are comparable. The explanations are deliberately in plain language.

Schedule of services
Written description of what is to be delivered at what frequency and with what result — room group by room group.
Routine cleaning
Recurring cleaning to a defined frequency. The service usually at stake when selecting a provider.
Periodic deep cleaning
Deep cleaning at intervals, often with machine use. A separate order, not included in routine cleaning.
Frequency
The rhythm in which an area is treated — for example daily, weekly or monthly.
Cover arrangement
The written answer to who works when the regular member of staff is unavailable.
Quality control
The agreed procedure by which the service is verified: walkthrough, log, deadline for rectification.
Public liability insurance
The service provider's insurance for damage it causes in the course of its work.
Transfer of undertakings
Legal rule under which staff may transfer when a provider changes. A question for the individual case, to be clarified legally.
Subcontractor
A further company engaged by the service provider. It should be subject to consent and insured.
Standard
A private technical rule set. It becomes binding only if it is agreed or referred to.
Acceptance
The determination that the agreed service has been delivered. Hardly possible without a schedule of services.
Rectification
The agreed deadline within which a defect that has been identified has to be remedied.

Five things that are not the same

Five things are regularly treated as the same when a cleaning contract is awarded, and they are not. The distinction determines what you can require and what you can only hope for.

Technical recommendation
Describes how a cleaning service is sensibly carried out in professional terms — methods, materials, sequence. A recommendation is not a law and not a contractual duty. You may deviate if the result is right.
Applicable standard
A standard such as DIN 77400 on cleaning services. Governed by private law and not generally binding; it becomes binding when it is referred to in your schedule of services or in your contract. Its full text is subject to a fee.
Contractual requirement
What you have agreed with the service provider: scope of service, frequency, cover rule, evidence duties, term, deadlines for rectification. Contractual requirements are the real steering instrument for this service.
Legally binding obligation
What the law requires: safe and hygienic workplaces, compliance by the employer with the generally binding sectoral minimum wage, and evidence duties that can fall on clients in this sector. These duties apply regardless of what you agree.
Company certification
Confirmation by an independent body of a management system or a product. It examines the company and its organisation, not the cleaning result at your property. Ask for the current evidence and for which scope of service it applies — and treat it as an indication, not as a substitute for a schedule of services.

This distinction follows the project's editorial standard. It sets out which statement carries which weight — and where a company cannot issue a certification.

Frequent questions on this topic

Answered briefly, so the guide prepares a decision rather than merely informing.

How many quotations should I obtain?

Three quotations are usually enough for a solid comparison, provided all three received the same schedule of services. Compare item by item, not the final total. A fourth quotation on a different service basis does not make the comparison better, only more confusing.

What should I do if one quotation is much cheaper than the others?

Do not rule it out immediately and do not take it immediately. Ask: which frequencies are priced, how many working hours per week, which materials are included, which additional services cost extra, how is wage payment evidenced? The difference almost always comes down to the quantity of service — and the missing service only becomes apparent when you need it.

Who is liable if damage occurs?

In principle the service provider, within the scope of its public liability insurance; the details are governed by the contract and the policy. Check sums insured, exclusions and the arrangement for lost keys before a contract is concluded. This information belongs in your contract, not in a promotional brochure, and it is independent of how convincingly a provider presents itself.

What happens to the cleaning staff if I change provider?

On a change, staff may transfer to the new provider under the rules on transfer of undertakings. Whether that applies in your case depends on how the arrangement is structured and has to be clarified with legal advice. Raise the subject before giving notice — it is not an argument against the change, but a reason to prepare it.

How long should the contract term be?

Short enough that you can change provider if dissatisfaction persists, and long enough that the provider can plan staff. Check whether a trial period and a notice period can be agreed that suit your property. A long term without a trial period takes away exactly the steering instrument this is about.

May the service provider use subcontractors?

Only if it is regulated by contract. Agree that subcontractors require consent, that they are insured and that the evidence duties apply to them as well. An unnamed subcontractor is the point at which the evidence you checked loses its value.

How do I control quality without checking every day myself?

With two instruments: an agreed walkthrough at a fixed frequency with a written log, and an objective basis — the schedule of services. If clean is not defined, every discussion remains a matter of taste. That is why quality control is not an act of distrust, but the precondition for a conversation about rectification to take place at all.

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